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目的调查咸阳市蚊、蝇、鼠、蟑等病媒生物的种类、数量、分布及季节变化,为防治工作提供参考。方法依据2009年国标病媒生物密度监测方法,成蚊密度调查采用灯诱法,蝇类密度调查采用笼诱法,鼠密度调查采用夹夜法,蟑螂密度调查采用粘捕法。结果蚊类有4种,淡色库蚊为优势种,占捕获总数的75.33%;蝇类有6种,家蝇和棕尾別麻蝇为优势种,分别占捕获总数的71.38%和14.07%;鼠类有小家鼠、褐家鼠2种,分别占捕获总数的52.00%,47.80%;蟑螂有3种,德国小蠊为优势种,占捕获总数的99.40%。蚊类总密度为0.66只/(灯·h),以牲畜棚和公园较多;蝇类总密度为8.92只/笼,以农贸市场最高;鼠类总密度为0.21%,以城乡结合部最高;蟑螂总密度为0.18只/张,以餐饮行业和居民区较高。鼠类活动2个高峰,分别在在4月和11月;蚊类也呈现2个活动高峰,分别在6月和9月,以6月为最高;蝇类活动呈现单高峰,8月份最高;蟑螂的活动高峰期不明显。结论相关部门在病媒生物活动高峰期做好病媒生物防治工作的同时,做好相关传染病的监测预警与控制。蚊虫控制的重点在公园和牲畜棚,苍蝇在农贸市场,鼠类在城乡结合部,蟑螂在餐饮业和居民区。
Objective To investigate the species, quantity, distribution and seasonality of vectors of mosquitoes, flies, rats and cockroaches in Xianyang, so as to provide reference for prevention and cure. Methods According to the method of national standard vector density monitoring in 2009, the density of adult mosquitoes was investigated by light-induced method, the density of flies was surveyed by cage-luring method, the density of clams was investigated by the method of claw night, the density of cockroaches was measured by stick-catching method. Results There were 4 species of mosquitoes, Culex pipiens pallens dominant species, accounting for 75.33% of the total number of catches, 6 species of flies, and dominant species of Musca domestica and 2 species, accounting for 71.38% and 14.07% of the total catches respectively. There were 2 species of Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus, accounting for 52.00% and 47.80% of the total catches respectively; 3 species of cockroaches, and German cockroaches being the dominant species accounting for 99.40% of the total catches. The total mosquito density was 0.66 / (lamp · h), with more livestock sheds and parks; the total fly density was 8.92 / cage, the highest was in the farmers market; the total density of rodents was 0.21% ; The total density of cockroaches is 0.18 / piece, catering industry and residential area is higher. There were two peaks of rodent activity in April and November, respectively. The mosquitoes also showed two peak activities in June and September respectively, the highest in June. The single peak activity of flies appeared in August and the highest in August. Cockroach peak activity is not obvious. Conclusions Relevant departments do a good job in preventing and controlling related infectious diseases while carrying out vector control of biological vectors at the peak of vector biological activities. Mosquito control focuses on parks and livestock sheds, flies at farmers’ markets, rodents in urban and rural areas, cockroaches in the hospitality industry and residential areas.