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本文通过对美国和日本两国小企业政策形成过程及其历史背景和经济学含义的比较和分析,揭示了美国和日本小企业政策的两点根本不同:一是美国的小企业政策是以提高小企业竞争力为目的的社会性政策,该政策促进了美国的自由竞争,而日本的小企业政策作为全国产业政策的一部分,其主要目标是提高小企业的生产效率;二是美国和日本不同的历史背景和价值观造成了两国小企业政策的根本不同。虽然中国的情况与美国和日本完全不同,但从美国和日本小企业政策的比较分析中,我们可以得到两点非常有益的启示:一是中国经济的现实和未来发展决定了小企业政策必须以提高小企业竞争力为目标;二是小企业的外部制度环境将决定小企业在中国经济中发挥重要作用。
This article compares and analyzes the process of the formation of the small business policies of the United States and Japan and their historical backgrounds and economic implications, revealing that there are two fundamental differences between the policies of the small businesses in the United States and Japan: First, the policy of the small businesses in the United States is to increase The social policy for the purpose of small business competitiveness, which promotes free competition in the United States, and Japan’s small business policy as part of the national industrial policy, its main goal is to improve the production efficiency of small businesses; Second, the United States and Japan are different The historical background and values have caused fundamental differences in the policies of small businesses in the two countries. Although China’s situation is completely different from that of the United States and Japan, we can get two very helpful revelations from the comparative analysis of the policies of the United States and Japan on small businesses: First, the reality of the Chinese economy and future development determine that the policies of small enterprises must be based on The goal is to increase the competitiveness of small businesses; second, the external institutional environment of small businesses will determine the role played by small businesses in the Chinese economy.