市场竞争意识与中国传统文化的有为主义

• 作 者: 邹恒甫
• 机 构: 世界银行政策研究部
• 出 处: 管理世界
• 发表日期: 2004年期
• 关键词: 市场竞争意识 资源配置 买者 中国传统文化 卖者 消费者效用 极大化 经济生活 生产成本 瓦尔拉斯

中国经济正走向全面的市场经济。市场经济之优越于其它经济形式就在于其通过竞争所取得的高效率。市场竞争越完全化,市场垄断和扭曲便越不容易形成,生产资源的配置便越有效率。那么这种竞争的有效性取决于哪些主要因素呢?不容置疑,递增的边际生产成本以及市场拥有众多的买者和卖者可以导致市场的完全竞争。但是,经济生活中的主观因素——人——所具备的市场竞争意识也直接地影响市场竞争的激烈程度和资源配置的有效程度。

China's economy is moving toward a full-fledged market economy. The superiority of a market economy over other forms of economy lies in its efficiency through competition. The more complete the market competition, the less likely it is for the market to monopolize and distort, and the more efficient the allocation of productive resources will be. So what are the main factors that affect the effectiveness of such competition? There is no doubt that the increasing marginal cost of production and the large number of buyers and sellers in the market can lead to complete market competition. However, the subjective factors in economic life - people - have a sense of market competition also directly affects the intensity of market competition and the effectiveness of resource allocation.