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本文考察了 TBP 萃取 Pt(Ⅳ),Pd(Ⅳ),Ir(Ⅳ),Pt(Ⅱ),Pd(Ⅱ),Rh(Ⅲ),Ir(Ⅲ)等7种氯络酸时,HCl 浓度对分配系数的影响,进行了 TBP 与 TAPO 的对比实验;研究了萃取有机相的可见及红外光谱以及 H_2SO_4和 HClO_4对萃取的影响.认为萃取属于氢离子的水化溶剂化机理;推导了萃取能量变化公式;解释了实验获得的 MCl_6~(2-)>MCl_4~(2-)>MCl_6~(3-)规律及“最小电荷密度原理”,并根据从反应平衡式导出的分配系数近似式,解释了分配曲线中存在峰值的原因和 H_2SO_4助萃作用以及HClO_4抑萃作用的原因.
In this paper, the effect of HCl concentration on the extraction of seven kinds of chlorauric acid, such as Pt (Ⅳ), Pd (Ⅳ), Ir (Ⅳ), Pt (Ⅱ), Pd (Ⅱ), Rh (Ⅲ) The effect of partition coefficient and the experiment of TBP and TAPO were studied.The effects of H 2 SO 4 and HClO 4 on the extraction and extraction of organic phase were studied.It was considered that the extraction belongs to hydration solvation mechanism of hydrogen ion and the variation of extraction energy The law of MCl_6 ~ (2 -)> MCl_4 ~ (2 -)> MCl_6 ~ (3-) and the principle of “minimum charge density” were explained. Based on the approximation of the partition coefficient derived from the reaction equilibrium, The reasons for the existence of the peak in the distribution curve and H_2SO_4 auxiliary extraction and HClO_4 inhibition of the reasons.