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早在1932年,外科学家Warren就指出,癌症病人死亡的最常见原因是营养不良——恶液质。迄今, 这一状况并没有发生根本变化。癌症病人常伴有营养不良和免疫功能低下,手术创伤诱导的急性炎症反应更加对免疫和营养产生损害,导致手术并发症的增加。癌症病人发生营养不良的一个主要原因是由于营养代谢异常。碳水化合物代谢异常主要表现为:糖异生增加和胰岛素敏感性下降引起的葡萄糖利用下降。脂肪代谢常表现为脂肪动员(包括脂肪降解和脂肪酸氧化)增加。肿瘤细胞由于缺乏脂肪代谢的关键酶,因此,对脂防利用障碍,肿瘤细胞主要利用葡萄糖作为能量来源。由于乳酸和氨基酸大量糖异生时需要消耗大量的热量, 致使病人基础代谢增加,蛋白分解加速,这是导致恶
As early as 1932, surgeon Warren pointed out that the most common cause of cancer deaths was malnutrition - cachexia. So far, no fundamental change has taken place in this situation. Cancer patients are often accompanied by malnutrition and immunocompromised patients. Surgical trauma-induced acute inflammatory reactions are more harmful to immunity and nutrition, leading to increased complications. One of the major causes of malnutrition in cancer patients is due to abnormal nutritional metabolism. Carbohydrate metabolism is mainly manifested as: decreased gluconeogenesis caused by increased gluconeogenesis and decreased insulin sensitivity. Fat metabolism is often manifested as an increase in fat mobilization (including fat degradation and fatty acid oxidation). Tumor cells due to the lack of fat metabolism of key enzymes, therefore, the lipid defense use disorders, the tumor cells mainly use glucose as a source of energy. As lactic acid and amino acids when a large number of gluconeogenesis need to consume a lot of heat, resulting in increased basal metabolism, accelerated protein decomposition, which is the result of evil