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液晶是在1888年由奥地利植物学家F.Reinitzer最初发现。当他加热安息香酸酯的时候发现在143.5℃经历一个不透明的混浊液体阶段,到了178.5℃才变成为透明的液体。通常非液晶物质在一定压力下随着温度的上升由固相→液相→气相,而且对于单一的物质相变点均有确定的温度。但对于液晶来说,在固相和液相变化之间存在一特殊的混浊状态即液晶态。在第二年的1889年,德国科学家Leh-mann用偏光显微镜观察该混浊状态的物质,发现它显示双折射性质。双折射表现在入射到物体内的光会分成两个方向,这种现
The liquid crystal was first discovered in 1888 by Austrian botanist F. Reinitzer. When he heated the benzoate it was found that at 143.5 ° C it experienced an opaque turbid liquid phase and turned 178.5 ° C into a clear liquid. Usually non-liquid crystal material under certain pressure as the temperature rises from the solid phase → liquid phase → gas phase, but also for a single material phase transition point have a certain temperature. But for the liquid crystal, there is a special cloudy state between the solid phase and the liquid phase. In the following year, 1889, the German scientist Lehmann observed the cloudy state material with a polarizing microscope and found it to exhibit birefringent properties. Birefringence is reflected in the light incident on the object will be divided into two directions, this is now