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在讨论投资与消费对经济增长的拉动作用时,目前一种较为流行的观点认为,投资是中间需求,消费是最终需求,二者对经济增长的作用不可等量齐观。 国民经济的总量或绩效是通过一国的国内生产总值(GDP)来衡量的,为了避免由于重复计算使真相受到歪曲,必须将各产业部门在生产中所消耗的、由别的部门提供的产品和服务价值统统扣除。由于GDP只包括最终产品(或除存货以外的绝大部分最终产品),因此消费与投资都也只能是最终产品需求,“GDP包括面包而不包括面粉,包括汽车而不包括钢材”(萨缪尔森)。
When discussing the stimulating effect of investment and consumption on economic growth, a prevailing view at the moment holds that investment is intermediate demand and consumption is final demand. The role of the two in economic growth can not be equated. The total amount or performance of the national economy is measured by the gross domestic product of a country. To avoid distortion of the truth through double counting, it is necessary to provide each department with the resources consumed by other departments The value of products and services deducted. Since GDP includes only the final product (or most of the final product except inventories), consumption and investment can only be the final product demand, “GDP includes bread and not flour, including motor vehicles and not steel” Muelson).