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在中国近代,作家的创作和审美深受科学的影响。现实主义强调文学必须客观反映现实,抓住现实深处的规律,对现实要按照普遍规律典型化,这些概念和思路都与科学思想有关。现实主义的前提假设与当时人们对科学万能的信念紧密联系在一起,科学是现实主义的内在精神。对“科学精神”的崇尚也是改造黑暗现实的一个方面。现实主义的崛起与文学本身的变化和外国文学的影响也有密切的关系。但是它也强化了文学与教化、实用的结合,没有将艺术的基础建立在生命本体上,其中的教训也是值得我们深思的。
In modern China, the writing and aesthetic appreciation of writers are greatly influenced by science. Realism emphasizes that literature must objectively reflect the reality, grasp the law in the depths of reality, and model reality according to universal laws. All of these concepts and ideas are related to scientific thinking. The premise of realism is closely linked with people’s faith in the omnipotence of science at that time. Science is the intrinsic spirit of realism. Advocating “scientific spirit” is also an aspect of transforming dark reality. The rise of realism is also closely related to the change of literature itself and the influence of foreign literature. However, it also reinforces the combination of literature and enlightenment and practicality, and does not establish the foundation of art in the body of life. The lessons in it also deserve our deep consideration.