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伦理行为的一个最显著特征就是可以成为赞扬或谴责的对象,但是,一个行为之所以值得人们赞扬或者有理由被谴责,却是有前提的。亚里士多德敏锐地发现,这个前提就是这些行为是自愿的。亚里士多德有关自愿行为的讨论标志着希腊哲学在伦理领域达到了一个新的高度,因为正是在这里,哲学在伦理领域开始认真关注意志问题,并且是朝向发现自由意志的方向关注意志问题。不过,由于未能真正发现、触及到自由意志问题,亚里士多德有关自愿行为的讨论最终陷入了诸多困境,而未能为伦理行为的可评价性找到真正的根据。
One of the most salient features of ethical behavior can be the object of praise or condemnation. However, there is a precondition for an act worthy of commendation or justification. Aristotle is acutely aware that this premise is that these acts are voluntary. The discussion of Aristotle’s voluntary acts marks a new height in the field of ethics of Greek philosophy, for it is here that philosophy begins to pay serious attention to volition in the field of ethics and is concerned with the will toward discovery of free will problem. However, Aristotle’s discussion of voluntary acts finally came into a lot of difficulties due to the failure to find and touch on the issue of free will, but failed to find the true basis for the assessability of ethical behavior.