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牙龈卟啉单胞菌（ Porphyromonas gingivalis，P．gingivalis）与口腔常见疾病的发生发展显著相关。近年来研究证实，牙龈素、菌毛和脂多糖是牙龈卟啉单胞菌最重要的毒力因子，在牙龈卟啉单胞菌致病过程中占据了重要地位，其中牙龈素在介导细菌与宿主相互作用中起关键作用。本文结合近年来的相关研究进展，就牙龈素的分子结构、基因多态性、毒力作用及其抑制剂等作一综述。“,”Porphyromonas gingivalis is closely related to occurrence and development of common oral disea-ses.Recent studies indicate that gingipains, pili and lipopolysaccharide are the most important virulence factors of Por-phyromonas gingivalis.Gingipains play a key role in the interaction of bacterial and host.This article is committed to review on the research progress on molecular structure, gene polymorphism, toxicity and inhibitors of gingipains in re-cent years.