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国有企业是在计划经济体制下产生和成长起来的,经过几十年的发展,它已经形成了一套和计划经济、计划经济体制相适应的运行规则。这些运行规则同市场经济、市场经济体制是格格不入的。因此,按照市场经济要求,必须实现以下十个方面的转变: 一、从产权模糊到产权清晰 传统企业产权关系模糊主要表现在国家与企业的产权上。现代企业制度要求明确产权关系,企业拥有包括国家在内的出资者投资形成的全部法人财产权,成为享有民事权利、承担民事责任的法人实体,任何一个出资者都不能单独对企业的资产行使支配,不能对企业的经营活动随意干预,而只能通过法定的程序,根据自己所拥有的股份,在股东大会或董事会上实行相应的权利。在这里,产权关系的界定是十分清晰的,出资者拥有哪些权利,承担哪些义务,经营者拥有哪些权利,承担哪些义务,都是通过国家法律和公司章程,予以规范化的。 二、从一元投资主体到多元投资主体
State-owned enterprises have emerged and developed under the planned economic system. After decades of development, it has formed a set of operating rules that are compatible with the planned economy and planned economic system. These operating rules are incompatible with market economy and market economic system. Therefore, in accordance with the requirements of the market economy, we must achieve the following ten aspects of the transition: First, from the fuzzy property rights to clear property rights The fuzzy relationship of property rights in traditional enterprises is mainly reflected in the property rights of countries and enterprises. The modern enterprise system requires a clear definition of property rights. The company owns all legal person property rights formed by the investors including the state and becomes a legal entity that enjoys civil rights and assumes civil liability. No one of the funders can exercise the exclusive control over the company’s assets. The company’s business activities are arbitrarily intervened, and only through statutory procedures, according to their own shares, in the general meeting or the board of directors to implement the corresponding rights. Here, the definition of the property rights relationship is very clear. What rights the funder owns, what obligations it undertakes, what rights the business owner has, and what obligations it assumes are standardized through the national laws and the company’s articles of association. Second, from the one-way investment subject to the multivariate investment subject