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目的分析潍坊市1959-2011年甲型肝炎(甲肝)发病趋势和流行病学特征。方法收集潍坊市1959-2011年病毒性肝炎发病资料,应用描述流行病学方法分析1959-2011年甲肝发病趋势和1990-2011年细菌性痢疾(菌痢)发病趋势。结果潍坊市1959-1989年甲肝发病出现6次大的流行,以15岁以下儿童为高发人群。1990-2011年全市累计报告甲肝14 833例,总体呈下降趋势,发病率由1990年的31.32/10万下降到1995年的15.11/10万和1998年的4.06/10万,2001年以后已连续多年控制在1/10万左右,1-14岁儿童发病构成比显著下降。与菌痢发病相比,两者从1990-1995年均为快速下降期,但1996年后甲肝发病率继续下降,菌痢却未再下降,保持在比较平稳的水平。结论潍坊市1959-1989年的甲肝发病呈周期性流行,每隔5-7年出现一次流行高峰。免疫策略实施后甲肝发病的流行规律和分布特征发生了显著变化:发病呈持续下降趋势,未出现周期性流行,15岁以下儿童发病构成比显著降低。
Objective To analyze the trend and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A (Hepatitis A) in Weifang from 1959 to 2011. Methods We collected data on the incidence of viral hepatitis in Weifang City from 1959 to 2011 and analyzed the trend of hepatitis A incidence in 1959-2011 and the trend of bacterial dysentery (bacillary dysentery) in 1990-2011 by using the description of epidemiological methods. Results Weifang City, 1959-1989, the incidence of hepatitis A 6 times the epidemic, with children under the age of 15 as a high incidence of the crowd. In 1990-2011, a total of 14,833 cases of hepatitis A were reported in the city, with an overall downward trend. The incidence rate dropped from 31.32 / 100,000 in 1990 to 15.11 / 100,000 in 1995 and 4.06 / 100,000 in 1998. Since 2001, it has been continuously Control for many years in 1/100000 or so, the incidence of children aged 1-14 decreased significantly. Compared with the incidence of dysentery, both from 1990 to 1995 were rapid decline, but after 1996, the incidence of hepatitis A continued to decline, dysentery did not decline again, remained at a relatively stable level. Conclusions The incidence of hepatitis A in Weifang City was cyclical from 1959 to 1989, with a epidemic peak every 5-7 years. After the implementation of immunization strategy, the epidemic pattern and distribution of hepatitis A disease have changed significantly: the incidence showed a continuous downward trend, no cyclical epidemic, the incidence of children under the age of 15 significantly reduced the composition ratio.