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背景:随着社会的发展,人均寿命延长,社会的老龄化问题日趋加剧。老年人的健康状况和生活质量备受关注。目的:了解影响老年人生存质量的几种常见老年病的现状和分布特点。设计:随机整群抽样,横断面调查。单位:卫生部北京医院老年医学研究所。对象:选择1997-05/10北京市东城区建国门街道办事处10个居委会和北京近效顺义县向阳、河南2个村民委员会的8个自然村≥60岁的常住老年人1558人,纳入结果分析1434人,应答率92%。城市男319人,女498人;乡村男242人,女375人。方法:对所有老年人进行问卷调查和体检。主要观察指标:观察所有老年人的前列腺增生、听力异常、白内障、骨关节病、骨折情况和老年人便秘的情况。结果:共1434名老年人纳入结果分析。①前列腺增生患病率情况:城市男性比乡村男性低(61.4%,65.7%,P<0.01)。②听力异常患病率情况:城市比乡村低(53.9%,64.7%,P<0.01)。③双眼白内障患病率情况:城市比乡村高(46.4%,44.4%,P<0.01)。④骨关节病患病率情况:城市比乡村高(24.4%,14.9%,P<0.01)。⑤骨折的患病率情况:城市比乡村高(14.2%,9.1%,P<0.05)。⑥老年人便秘的患病率情况:城市比乡村低(18.2%,23.0%,P<0.05)。结论:北京城乡老年人存在前列腺增生、听力异常、白内障、骨关节病、骨折和便秘的差异,主要与老年人经济、营养、医疗条件和文化素质等因素有关。因此应加强老年人的营养及保健知识教育及常见病的防治工作。
Background: With the development of society, the average life expectancy has been extended and the problem of social aging has been aggravated. The health and quality of life of the elderly have received much attention. Objective: To understand the status and distribution of several common geriatric diseases that affect the quality of life of the elderly. Design: random cluster sampling, cross-sectional survey. Unit: Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1558 elderly residents aged ≥60 years from 8 villages in Xiangyang County, Shunyi County, Shunyi County of Beijing and 2 villagers committees in Henan Province were selected for the study from October 1997 to October 1997, including the results of the analysis 1434 people, the response rate of 92%. 319 urban males and 498 females; 242 males and 375 females in the country. Methods: All elderly people were surveyed and examined. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prostatic hyperplasia, abnormal hearing, cataracts, osteoarthrosis, fractures and constipation in the elderly were observed in all older adults. Results: A total of 1434 elderly people were included in the result analysis. ① prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia: urban males than rural males (61.4%, 65.7%, P <0.01). ② prevalence of abnormal hearing: the city is lower than the village (53.9%, 64.7%, P <0.01). ③ binocular cataract prevalence rate: the city than the rural high (46.4%, 44.4%, P <0.01). ④ The prevalence rate of osteoarthritis: The city is higher than the rural areas (24.4%, 14.9%, P <0.01). ⑤ The prevalence of fractures: The city was taller than the countryside (14.2%, 9.1%, P <0.05). ⑥ The prevalence of constipation in the elderly: the city is lower than the rural areas (18.2%, 23.0%, P <0.05). Conclusion: The differences of benign prostatic hyperplasia, abnormal hearing, cataracts, osteoarthrosis, fractures and constipation among the elderly in urban and rural areas in Beijing are mainly related to the economic, nutritional, medical conditions and cultural qualities of the elderly. Therefore, the elderly should be strengthened nutrition and health knowledge education and prevention and treatment of common diseases.