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一以研究企业理论著称的美国经济学家詹森和麦克林说,企业就是劳动所有者、物质投入者或资本提供者、产品消费者相互之间的一组契约关系。根据这一论点,企业内部不同要素主体问的关系是契约关系,企业作为一个组织或独立经济实体同外部主体间的关系同样是契约关系。在市场经济条件下,契约关系的本质是产权关系.其特征和意义在于:它以承认当事人独立的权利和平等的法律地位为前提,通过自由协商来共同决定双方或多方的相互权利义务关系。按照契约自由原则,一切权利义务关系都基于当事人的自愿或合意。契约双方中的任何一方都不得把自己的意志强加于对方,也无权对对方的意志横加干预。这可以说是契约关系中自由表达意志和对等权利义务关系的基础。
Jensen and Macklin, American economists known for studying business theory, say that a firm is a set of contractual relationships among labor owners, material investors or capitalists, and product consumers. According to this argument, the relationship between different elements of an enterprise is the contractual relationship, and the relationship between the enterprise as an organization or an independent economic entity and the external subject is also a contractual one. Under the condition of market economy, the nature of the contractual relationship is property rights, which is characterized by its mutual recognition of the independent rights and equal legal status of the parties, and free negotiation to jointly determine the mutual rights and obligations between the two or more parties. In accordance with the principle of freedom of contract, all rights and obligations are based on the parties’ voluntary or consensual. Neither party to the contract imposes its own will on each other nor the right to intervene on each other’s will. This can be said to be the basis for the free expression of the will and the reciprocal rights and obligations in the contractual relationship.