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采用盆栽试验研究氮肥不同施用时期下春玉米早衰特性。结果表明,合理的增加追肥次数能提高穗粒数和千粒重,进而提高玉米的籽粒产量。当氮肥分别在基施、拔节期与大喇叭口期1∶3∶1施用时,春玉米生育后期的穗叶叶绿素含量和SOD活性较一次性基施有不同程度的提高,而叶片形态指标和丙二醛(MDA)含量却降低,有效地延缓了玉米的衰老。对照(无氮肥)处理的穗叶叶绿体破裂解体,基粒和基质片层结构膨胀,导致叶片的叶绿素含量下降、光合能力降低而出现早衰。
Pot experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of premature corn failure under different application periods of nitrogen fertilizer. The results showed that a reasonable increase in the number of topdressing can increase the number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight, thus increasing the grain yield of maize. When nitrogen fertilizer was applied at the ratio of 1: 3: 1 in basal stage, jointing stage and boll stage, the chlorophyll content and SOD activity of ear leaves in spring maize increased at different degrees compared with that of single time, while the leaf morphological indexes Malondialdehyde (MDA) content is reduced, effectively delayed the aging of corn. Control (nitrogen-free) treatment of the spikelet chloroplast rupture disintegration, basement and matrix lamellae structure expansion, leading to leaf chlorophyll content, decreased photosynthetic capacity and premature aging.