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目的了解重庆市某2所中小学校学生对营养与食品安全的认知和行为现况,为开展营养宣教干预提供依据。方法分层整群抽取重庆市1所小学五、六年级和1所中学初一、二年级的1 058名学生作为调查对象,采用自行设计问卷进行调查。结果中小学生营养知识得分为(8.59±3.05)分,营养知识总体知晓率为27.60%,初中生营养知识得分高于小学生(u=4.41,P<0.01)。有74.35%的小学生和53.42%的初中生坚持每天吃早餐,小学生常吃早餐的构成比高于初中生(χ2=58.85,P<0.01)。仅有29.08%的小学生和15.85%的初中生表示经常关注食品安全问题,小学生高于初中生(χ2=31.57,P<0.01)。结论中小学生在营养认知、饮食行为习惯和食品安全关注方面有较大差异。要有针对性地设计宣教方案并进行干预,维护学生的营养与食品安全。
Objective To understand the status quo of cognition and behavior of nutrition and food safety in two primary and secondary school students in Chongqing and provide the basis for the intervention of nutrition education. Methods A total of 1,058 students from Grade 1 and Grade 2 primary and secondary schools in 1 primary school and 1 secondary school in Chongqing were enrolled in the study as subjects, and were investigated by self-designed questionnaire. Results The score of nutritional knowledge among primary and middle school students was (8.59 ± 3.05), the overall awareness rate of nutrition knowledge was 27.60%, and the nutrition knowledge score of junior high school students was higher than that of primary school students (u = 4.41, P <0.01). There are 74.35% of primary school students and 53.42% of junior high school students insist on eating breakfast every day, the proportion of primary school students eating breakfast is higher than that of junior high school students (χ2 = 58.85, P <0.01). Only 29.08% of primary school students and 15.85% of junior high school students indicated that they often pay more attention to food safety problems than primary school students (χ2 = 31.57, P <0.01). Conclusions Primary and secondary school students have great differences in nutrition cognition, eating habits and food safety concerns. It is necessary to design education programs and intervene in a targeted manner to maintain students’ nutrition and food safety.