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为创制六倍体小黑麦(TriticosecaleWittmack)-普通小麦(Triticum aestivumL.)异染色体体系,将六倍体小黑麦的优良基因导入到普通小麦中,以六倍体小黑麦品种Presto为母本、普通小麦品种晋农190为父本,配置杂交组合,对双亲及其杂种F2种子根尖细胞进行有丝分裂观察,确定其染色体数目并进行核型分析。结果发现,双亲的染色体数目均为42,父本晋农190的核型公式为2n=42=36m(2SAT)+6sm,核型类型为1A;母本Presto的核型公式为2n=42=26m(4SAT)+4M+12sm,核型类型为2A。杂种F2中F2-3为双单体附加系,其核型公式为2n=44=36m(3SAT)+4sm+1m+1m,核型类型为1A。通过对染色体的形态、短臂和长臂的长度、臂比及相对长度系数进行分析,可初步推断杂种F-3附加的可能是母本的7号和21号染色体。
In order to create a heterochromosome system of Triticolosis Wittmack-Triticum aestivum L., an excellent gene of hexaploid triticale was introduced into common wheat, and a hexaploid triticale Presto The male and female common wheat cultivar Jinnong 190 were used as male parents, and their hybrid combinations were set up to observe the mitosis of the root tip cells of parents and their hybrid F2 seedlings. The number of their chromosomes and the karyotype analysis were determined. The results showed that the chromosome number of parents was 42, the karyotype of male cultivator Jinnong 190 was 2n = 42 = 36m (2SAT) + 6sm and the karyotype was 1A. The karyotype of female parent Presto was 2n = 42 = 26m (4SAT) + 4M + 12sm, karyotype type 2A. F2-3 in hybrid F2 is a double-monomer addition system, and its karyotype formula is 2n = 44 = 36m (3SAT) + 4sm + 1m + 1m and its karyotype is 1A. By analyzing the morphology of the chromosome, the length, arm ratio and relative length of the short and long arms, we conclude that the additional F-3 hybrids may be the mother chromosomes 7 and 21.