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一、概述钻井液起着冲洗孔底、携带钻屑及冷却钻头、润滑钻具、保护孔壁、控制地压、保护岩矿心的作用。钻进不稳定岩层必须用泥浆作钻井液。钻井液使用不当，则孔内事故多、钻进效率低、钻头寿命低，甚至无法钻达目的层。几年来，在地质钻探工作井，钻井液技术水平发生很大的变化。钻井液从高固相变为低固相；从用劣土变为用优质(土般)土；泥浆处理剂品种基本齐全；生产了多种新型泥浆仪器；对各种复杂情况有相应的对策。
I. Overview Drilling fluid plays the role of flushing the bottom of the hole, carrying drill cuttings and cooling drill bits, lubricating the drilling tools, protecting the hole walls, controlling ground pressure and protecting rock cores. Drilling unstable rock must use mud as a drilling fluid. Improper use of drilling fluid, the hole more accidents, low drilling efficiency, drill life is low, or even impossible to drill the destination layer. In the past few years, there has been a great change in the level of drilling fluid technology in geological drilling wells. Drilling fluid changes from high-solid phase to low-solid phase; from poor soil to high quality (soil-like) soil; mud treatment agent varieties are basically complete; a variety of new mud instruments have been produced; and corresponding measures have been taken for various complicated situations .