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为了提供机载全天时星敏感器参数设计方法,从光电探测信噪比公式出发,结合Modtran软件中天空亮度数据,推导了适用于星体目标探测的信噪比计算公式,并以探测3.5等、4等、4.5等星为例,重点研究了通光口径、系统F数、曝光时间与探测信噪比之间的变化规律,并给出机载全天时星敏感器相应参数的设计方法。为验证设计方法的正确性,设计了地面原理实验,选择以北极星(视星等2.02等)为探测目标,设计了通光口径83 mm、焦距1 500 mm的全天时星敏感器原理样机,通过地面观测实验,在天空辐射最强时刻对北极星的探测信噪比为6.84 dB,满足理论计算的6 dB指标需求,验证了设计方法的正确性。
In order to provide the method of parameter design of airborne star sensor in air all day, based on the formula of photoelectric detection signal-to-noise ratio and the sky brightness data in Modtran software, the formula of signal to noise ratio , 4, 4.5 and other stars as an example, this paper focuses on the variation of aperture, system F number, exposure time and detection signal to noise ratio, and gives the design method of corresponding parameters of star sensor . In order to validate the correctness of the design method, a ground-based experiment was designed and a Polaris star (2.02, apparent magnitude, etc.) was chosen as the detection target. The prototype of the all-day-time star sensor with the aperture of 83 mm and the focal length of 1500 mm was designed. Through the ground observation experiment, the signal-to-noise ratio of Polaris was 6.84 dB at the strongest sky radiation, meeting the 6 dB index requirement of theoretical calculation, which verified the correctness of the design method.