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目的了解海南省中等职业教育学校学生常见病患病状况,为学校卫生保健工作提供科学依据。方法按“全国学生体质健康状况调研实施方案”的要求,在2005—2009年间对海南省10所职业院校学生75 470人次进行健康体检,采用EpiInfo软件进行统计分析。结果女生营养不良、贫血、肥胖检出率分别为13.04%,4.18%和6.15%,男生分别为8.08%,2.43%和4.44%,性别间差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为479.26,178.51,105.40,P值均<0.01);学生营养不良和贫血检出率逐年下降,肥胖检出率逐年上升。沙眼、龋齿和视力不良检出率男生分别为4.30%,66.0%和24.62%,女生分别为3.06%,33.04%和24.22%,男生沙眼和龋齿检出率高于女生,差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为72.08,62.06,P值均<0.01);男、女生视力不良检出率差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.50,P>0.05);沙眼和龋齿检出率呈逐年下降趋势。结论中等职业学校学生的健康问题不容忽视。应加强健康教育,切实落实各项防治措施,降低学生常见病患病率。
Objective To understand the prevalence of common diseases in secondary vocational schools in Hainan Province and to provide a scientific basis for the school health care. Methods According to the requirements of “Implementation Plan of Physical Health Survey for Students in China”, 75 470 students from 10 vocational colleges in Hainan Province were examined in health during 2005-2009. EpiInfo software was used for statistical analysis. Results The prevalence rates of malnutrition, anemia and obesity in girls were 13.04%, 4.18% and 6.15%, respectively, and boys were 8.08%, 2.43% and 4.44%, respectively. There were significant differences among the sexes (χ2 = 479.26, 178.51 , 105.40, P <0.01). The prevalence of malnutrition and anemia among students dropped year by year, and the prevalence of obesity increased year by year. The detection rates of trachoma, dental caries and poor vision were 4.30%, 66.0% and 24.62% respectively in boys and 3.06%, 33.04% and 24.22% in girls respectively. The detection rate of trachoma and dental caries in boys was higher than that in girls (χ2 = 1.50, P> 0.05). The detection rate of trachoma and dental caries showed a decreasing trend year by year. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of visual acuity between boys and girls (χ2 = 1.50, P> 0.05). Conclusion The health problems of secondary vocational school students can not be ignored. Health education should be strengthened to effectively implement various prevention and treatment measures to reduce the prevalence of common diseases among students.