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一、现状与挑战我国正处于从计划经济向市场经济体制转型的进程中,对外贸易占国民经济的比重日益提高,进出口贸易额逐年上升,地位日益重要。改革开放的初期,我国的对外贸易出口多为能源、矿产资源、工业原材料及一些初级产品,成品和半成品的比重较低。进口的多为我国急需的机械电器设备和紧缺物资。随着我国经济的高速发展,工业产品的出口量开始增加,但多为劳动密集型产品和资本密集型产品,资源出口仍占相当比重。进入九十年代以后,随着国际竞争的日益剧烈,这种凭借着自然条件的禀赋已不占优势,尤其是近期爆发的
I. Status Quo and Challenges China is in the process of transition from a planned economy to a market economy. The proportion of foreign trade in the national economy is increasing day by day. The import and export trade volume has been rising year by year, and its status is becoming increasingly important. In the early stage of reform and opening up, China’s foreign trade exports were mostly energy, mineral resources, industrial raw materials and some primary products, while the proportion of finished products and semi-finished products was relatively low. Most of the imported machinery and electrical equipment in urgent need of our country and shortage of supplies. With the rapid economic development in China, the export of industrial products began to increase, but mostly labor-intensive products and capital-intensive products, export of resources still accounted for a considerable proportion. Since the 1990s, as international competition has become increasingly fierce, this gift of natural resources has become less dominant. In particular, the recent outbreak of