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目的分析2010-2014年黔东南州47起学校传染病暴发疫情流行病学特征,为有效指导和防控学校传染病暴发提供科学依据。方法收集、整理黔东南州2010-2014年学校传染病暴发疫情资料,运用描述性流行病学方法进行综合分析。结果 2010-2014年发生在学校的传染病暴发疫情共47起,发病1 008例,罹患率1.60%,呼吸道传染病暴发为主(72.34%);小学发生较多(70.21%);每年5-6月和11-12月为高发月份;疫苗可预防的传染病疫情发生21起(44.68%),93.62%事件在发生3天后县(市)疾控中心才接到报告,疫情持续时间平均20.64天。结论农村小学是传染病疫情防控的重点场所,要重点做好呼吸道传染病疫情监测和防控;学校要建立健全传染病防控机制及体制;早发现早报告疫情,是及早控制疫情的关键。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 47 outbreaks of infectious diseases in schools in Qiandongnan Prefecture during 2010-2014 and provide a scientific basis for effectively guiding and preventing the outbreak of infectious diseases in schools. Methods The data of outbreaks of infectious diseases in schools in Southeast Guizhou from 2010 to 2014 were collected and analyzed, and the descriptive epidemiological methods were used for comprehensive analysis. Results There were 47 outbreaks of infectious diseases in schools in 2010-2014, with a incidence of 1,008 cases and an attack rate of 1.60%. Outbreaks of respiratory infectious diseases were the most frequent (72.34%), primary (70.21%) occurred, 21 cases (44.68%) were outbreaks of vaccine-preventable infectious diseases and 93.62% cases were reported to the CDC (county (city)) after 3 days. The average duration of the outbreak was 20.64 day. Conclusions Primary schools in rural areas are the key sites for prevention and control of infectious diseases. Priority should be given to the monitoring and control of epidemic situation of respiratory infectious diseases. Schools should establish and improve prevention and control mechanisms and systems for infectious diseases. Early detection and early detection of outbreaks are the key to early control of outbreaks .