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目的了解巴彦淖尔市临河区居民2012-2016年死亡的主要疾病构成及其分布规律,掌握少数民族地区居民的死因构成、减寿情况及变化趋势,为政府和相关部门制定疾病预防控制策略提供参考依据。方法选取巴彦淖尔市疾病预防控制中心人口死亡信息登记管理系统报告中2012-2016年临河区居民死亡病例为研究对象。用SPSS 18.0软件统计分析死亡率、标化死亡率、潜在减寿年数(PYLL)、平均减寿年(AYLL)和年度变化百分比(APC)。趋势变化采用曲线估计指数分布回归模型进行判别。率的比较用χ2检验。结果 2012-2016年临河区共报告死亡病例15 606例,死亡率为575.97/10万,标化死亡率为735.26/10万;其中男性死亡10 095例,死亡率为728.00/10万,标化死亡率为908.61/10万;女性死亡5 511例,死亡率为416.52/10万,标化死亡率为551.51/10万。男女性别标化死亡率差异有统计学意义(χ2=322.20,P<0.01)。2012-2016年,男性、女性及全人群死亡率、标化死亡率均呈上升趋势;其中女性死亡率APC为4.44%,变化趋势差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。临河区前5位死因依次为心脏病(203.38/10万)、恶性肿瘤(137.80/10万)、脑血管疾病(131.24/10万)、呼吸系统疾病(106.31/10万)和损伤及中毒(66.35/10万)。心脏病、脑血管疾病死亡率、构成比、标化减寿率均呈上升趋势,APC为1.03%~16.23%,死亡率、构成比变化趋势差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);恶性肿瘤死亡率、构成比、标化减寿率呈上升趋势,APC为5.92%、3.10%、2.30%,趋势差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);呼吸系统疾病和损伤及中毒死亡率、构成比、标化减寿率均呈下降趋势,APC为-18.51%~-1.76%,损伤及中毒变化趋势差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。心脏病、恶性肿瘤、脑血管疾病、损伤及中毒的AYLL呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。损伤及中毒的AYLL居首位。结论巴彦淖尔市临河区居民慢性非传染性疾病死亡率呈上升趋势,慢性病与损伤及中毒已成为该地区居民死亡的主要原因。
Objective To understand the main disease composition and distribution patterns of people who died in Linhe District, Bayannaoer City from 2012 to 2016, and to master the causes of death, life-threatening status, and change trends of the residents in ethnic minority areas, and provide the government and related departments with a plan for disease prevention and control. Reference. METHODS: The deaths of Linhe residents from 2012 to 2016 in the report of the Population and Death Information Management System of the Bayannaoer Center for Disease Control and Prevention were selected as the research object. SPSS 18.0 software was used to statistically analyze mortality, standardized mortality, potential life-reducing years (PYLL), average year-of-life (AYLL), and annual percentage change (APC). The trend changes are determined using the curve estimation exponential distribution regression model. The rate of comparison is tested using χ2. Results A total of 15,606 deaths were reported in Linhe District from 2012 to 2016, with a mortality rate of 575.97/100,000 and a standardized mortality rate of 735.26/100,000; of these, 10,095 cases were male deaths, and the mortality rate was 728.00 per 100,000. The death rate was 908.61 per 100,000; the number of female deaths was 5,511, the mortality rate was 416.52 per 100,000, and the standardized death rate was 551.51 per 100,000. There was a statistically significant difference in gender-standardized mortality between men and women (χ2=322.20, P<0.01). From 2012 to 2016, male, female and all-population mortality rates and standardized mortality rates showed an upward trend; among them, female mortality rate was 4.44%, and there was a statistically significant difference in the trend (P<0.05). The top 5 causes of death in Linhe District were heart disease (203.38/100,000), malignant tumor (137.80/100,000), cerebrovascular disease (131.24/lakh), respiratory disease (106.31/lakh), and injury and poisoning ( 66.35/10 million). The mortality rates of heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, constituent ratios, and standardized life-saving rates all showed an upward trend, with APCs ranging from 1.03% to 16.23%. There was a statistically significant difference in mortality and constituent ratios (P<0.05); malignancy Mortality, composition ratio, and standardized life-saving rate showed an upward trend, APC was 5.92%, 3.10%, and 2.30%, and there was no statistically significant difference in trend (P>0.05); respiratory disease and injury and poisoning mortality, composition ratio Both the standardized life-saving rate and the APC rate decreased from -18.51% to -1.76%. There was a statistically significant difference in the trends of injury and poisoning (P<0.05). AYLL of heart disease, malignant tumor, cerebrovascular disease, injury and poisoning showed a decreasing trend, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Injury and poisoning AYLL ranks first. Conclusion The mortality rate of chronic non-communicable diseases among residents in Linhe District, Bayannaoer City, is on the rise. Chronic diseases, injuries and poisoning have become the main causes of death among residents in the region.