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电负性概念1932年由Pauling提出,它与分子中原子的极化率、软硬度、电荷分布等性质之间存在着密切的内在联系,是人们判断物质性质的重要理论依据.随着新材料的发展以及各学科之间的相互交叉与渗透,电负性如今已成为在化学、物理和材料科学等领域均具有广泛应用的基本原子参数.它的发展经历了原子电负性、离子电负性和键电负性三个阶段,其中离子电负性是考虑了原子所处具体环境的价态元素电负性,用于更精确地描述离子和化合物的各种物理化学性质;键电负性是连接原子电负性和材料性质之间的桥梁,它能帮助人们更方便、直接地建立材料的宏观性质和微观结构之间的定量关系.离子电负性和键电负性的提出是对电负性概念的重要拓展,它们在丰富和发展电负性理论的同时,在新材料设计方面发挥了重要作用.该文就电负性概念的研究进展及其在材料研究中的应用作了详细介绍.
The concept of electronegativity proposed by Pauling in 1932 is closely related to the intrinsic polarizability, hardness, charge distribution and other properties of atoms in the molecule and is an important theoretical basis for people to judge the nature of matter. With the new Material development and interdisciplinary and interdisciplinary studies, electronegativity has now become the basic atomic parameter widely used in the fields of chemistry, physics and materials science, etc. Its development has gone through the processes of atomic electronegativity, ionization Negative and bond electronegativity three stages, of which ion electronegativity is the valence element electronegativity taking into account the specific environment in which the atom is located, to more accurately describe the various physico-chemical properties of ions and compounds; Negativeness is a bridge between the electronegativity of the atom and the nature of the material, which can help people more easily and directly establish the quantitative relationship between the macroscopic properties of the material and the microstructure. Is an important extension of the concept of electronegativity, which plays an important role in the design of new materials while enriching and developing the theory of electronegativity.This paper reviews the progress of the concept of electronegativity and its application in materials It is described in detail in the application of research.