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7 防护技术 7.1 一般原则 7.7.1 对于开发矿山和建造选冶厂,使辐射危险的范围控制在可合理达到尽可能低的水平是基本的目标。经严格设计和建造的矿山和选冶厂,比较容易使辐射防护系统保持良好状况,并且一般情况下,比在设计和建造阶段没有考虑合理的辐射防护原则更容易补充任何附加的辐射防护措施。 7.2 矿山设计 7.2.1 实际中,矿山设计的选择是通过研究技术和经济上的准则来完成的。由于作业环境存在辐射,给工作人员造成一种潜在踺康危害,因此,建议进行最优化分析。最优化分析的结果可能改变矿山设计人员所考虑方案的顺序,并且这种结果还应该引入工艺选择的决策中。在确定如何有效地控制辐射危害时,正确的矿山设计起着一种关键的作用。在降低工作人员辐射照射方面,矿山设计的作用是双重的。 7.2.2 第一个作用是提供适当的孔道系统,以满足有效风量分布。第二个作用是安排采矿的顺序和方法要使得围绕工作人员的空气流中积累的气载放射性污染物最小。 7.2.3 虽然可以简单地陈述矿山设计的作用,但按需
7 Protection techniques 7.1 General principles 7.7.1 It is a basic objective for the development of mines and the construction of a smelter that the range of radiation hazards can be reasonably achieved to the lowest possible level. Strictly designed and constructed mines and smelters are relatively easy to keep the radiation protection system in good condition and, in general, any additional radiation protection measures are more easily supplemented than the reasonable principles of radiation protection during the design and construction phases. 7.2 Mining Design 7.2.1 In practice, the design of mines is chosen by studying technical and economic criteria. Due to the existence of radiation in the work environment, which poses a potential health hazard to the staff, an optimization analysis is recommended. The results of the optimization analysis may change the order of scenarios considered by the mine designer and this result should also be introduced into the decision making process selection. Proper mine design plays a key role in determining how radiation hazards can be effectively controlled. The role of mine design is twofold in reducing the radiation exposure of workers. 7.2.2 The first function is to provide suitable ductwork to meet the effective air flow distribution. The second role is to arrange the order and the method of mining to minimize the accumulation of airborne radioactive contaminants in the airflow around the staff. 7.2.3 Although the role of mine design can be briefly stated, it is required