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为了增加内支线集装箱班轮航线网络的货运需求量,以最大船型限制、航线运营补贴与干支线配合为约束条件,以航线网络结构、适配船型与班期密度为决策变量,构建了考虑货主偏好的集装箱内支线班轮航线网络规划模型;为了评估规划航线对不同偏好货主的吸引力,在获得航线的集装箱运输时间与价格后,基于Logit模型计算了规划航线与市场现有航线的货主选择比例;设计了求解模型的智能启发式算法,在规划方案评价过程中计算了航次时间、航线成本、单箱运价与货运需求,在方案改善过程中调整了航线的挂靠港口与挂靠顺序;设定大连港为干线港口,渤海湾内12个港口为支线港口,规划了内支线集装箱班轮航线网络。计算结果表明:12个支线港共开设了7条航线,市场货运总需求为5 208TEU,规划航线的货运需求量为4 420TEU;规划航线的货主选择比例达到85%;无论货主偏好运输时间或成本,规划航线在各支线港的货主选择比例皆超过60%。可见,考虑货主偏好的内支线班轮航线网络规划模型是有效的;开设直达航线有助于吸引时间偏好货主;开设串挂航线与提高运营补贴有助于吸引成本偏好货主;采用货主选择过程代替到港时间窗约束会提升模型优化效果。
In order to increase the freight demand of the liner route network of the inner-branch container lines, taking the limitation of the maximum ship type, the cooperation between the route operation subsidies and the dry and branch lines as the constraint conditions, the route network structure, the adaptive ship types and the flight schedule density as the decision variables, In order to evaluate the attractiveness of planned route to different preference ship owners, after obtaining the time and price of container shipping routes, the proportion of owner choice of planned routes and existing routes in the market is calculated based on Logit model. The intelligent heuristic algorithm for solving the model was used to calculate the voyage time, the route cost, the freight rate of one box and the freight demand in the process of plan evaluation, and adjusted the calling ports and calling order of the route in the process of program improvement. It is the main port and 12 ports in Bohai Bay are the feeder ports, planning the intra-regional container liner route network. The calculation results show that there are 7 routes in 12 feeder ports with a total market demand of 5 208 TEU and 4 420 TEU of planned routes. The proportion of owners choosing planned routes reaches 85%. No matter whether the owner prefers to transport time or cost , The proportion of shippers choosing planned routes in all feeder ports is more than 60%. It can be seen that the network planning model of Liner liner route which is considered by shippers is effective. The establishment of direct routes helps to attract time preference shippers. The establishment of string-lanes shipping routes and increasing operation subsidies will help to attract cost preference shippers. Hong Kong time window constraints will enhance the model optimization.