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智力引进、技术引进和人才引进是我国开放政策的重要组成部分,也是借助发达国家的现代科学技术,加速我国现代化建设的重要环节。其中美国是至关重要的国家之一。过去几年中,我们对美国的科学技术交流及留学生、访问学者的派出,涉及基础学科、理论研究或实验技术方面的居多,今后则拟增大应用科学和应用技术方面的比例。这种调整无疑是我国发展的需要提出的,但要达到预期的目的,必须了解美国政府及各界人士对技术转换和交流问题的各种不同观点和可能的政策动向,只有这样才能针对不同学科、不同技术类别、不同交往对象,以及不同人物的不同态度,调整我们的政策,以避免过去“一相情愿”的偏颇,也有利于对派出的留学生、访问学者及科技人员提出切合实际的要求。为此,本刊美方顾问编委、国际著名应用数学家林家翘教授特向我们推荐美国《Issues in Science and Technology》杂志1986年秋季号上的三篇文章,希望有助于国内了解美国在技术转换、科学自由和国家安全方面的政策和争论问题。我们现将三篇文章的主要内容整理发表,以飨读者。
The introduction of intelligence, the introduction of technology and the introduction of qualified personnel are an important part of China's opening-up policy. It is also an important part of accelerating the modernization of our country by means of the modern science and technology of the developed countries. Among them, the United States is one of the most important countries. In the past few years, we have mostly exchanged scientific and technological exchanges with the United States and the number of overseas students and visiting scholars involved in basic sciences, theoretical studies or experimental techniques. In the future, we plan to increase the proportion of applied science and applied technology. This kind of adjustment is undoubtedly the need of our country's development. However, for the expected purpose, we must understand various views and possible policy trends of the U.S. government and people from all walks of life on the issue of technology transfer and exchange. Only in this way can we target different disciplines, Different types of technology, different types of contacts, and different attitudes of different people. We should adjust our policies so as to avoid the biases of the “one-for-one's wish” in the past and to put forward realistic demands on the sent overseas students, visiting scholars and scientists and technicians. To this end, we published an editorial board of the United States, Professor Lin Jiaqian, a famous international applied mathematician, recommended to us the three articles in the issue of “Issues in Science and Technology” magazine in the autumn of 1986, hoping to help domestic understanding of the United States in technology Conversion, Freedom of Science and National Security Policy and Controversies. We will now publish the main contents of the three articles to readers.