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目的对海南三亚市一起罕见的本地传播三日疟疫情调查和处置进行描述,以明确虫种、分布特征和流行程度。方法通过回顾性调查收集病例及相关数据,采用描述性统计学方法,阐明此次疟疾疫情的三间分布特征;通过镜检、RDT和PCR确定疟原虫虫种,媒介调查明确主要传播媒介,为及时规范治疗和媒介控制提供依据;对村民进行疟疾防治知识宣传,对村医进行疾病诊断和治疗知识培训,及时规范治疗患者和控制媒介,对疫情进行有效的控制。结果在疟疾流行季节通过镜检和PCR共确诊三日疟6例,间日疟1例,这是历史上首次在海南三亚发现本地三日疟病例,年龄主要在40岁以下,4—9月份为疫情发病期。在疫点村、周边居民和临近村庄的上山人群范围内开展主动病例调查,发现带虫者5例,带虫率0.39%。媒介调查发现村庄主要媒介为微小按蚊。经及时应急处理和规范治疗,患者全部治愈。通过对疫点村居民房舍进行溴氰菊酯滞留喷洒等综合性防制措施,有效控制了疫情的进一步蔓延。结论海南省三亚市首次发现本地感染三日疟为主的疟疾疫情,采取治疗患者、媒介防制等综合性措施后疫情得到控制。
Objective To describe the investigation and disposal of malaria epidemic in Malawi which is rare in Sanya City of Hainan Province in order to clarify the species, distribution characteristics and prevalence. Methods By retrospectively collecting cases and related data, we used descriptive statistics methods to elucidate the three distributional characteristics of the malaria epidemic. Plasmodium species were identified by microscopic examination, RDT and PCR. Timely regulate the treatment and media control to provide the basis for the villagers malaria prevention and treatment of publicity, diagnosis and treatment of village doctors for knowledge training, timely treatment of patients and control the media, the effective control of the epidemic. Results In the malaria season, 6 malaria cases and 1 malaria were diagnosed by microscopic examination and PCR. This is the first case of local malaria cases found in Sanya, Hainan Province. The age is mainly under 40 years of age and from April to September Outbreak period. In the epidemic point of the village, surrounding residents and the village near the village to carry out active case investigation and found that five cases of insect-borne, with a worm rate of 0.39%. Media investigations found that the village’s main medium is Anopheles minor. After timely emergency treatment and standardized treatment, all patients were cured. Through comprehensive control measures such as deltamethrin spraying on residential buildings in Outbreak Village, the further spread of the outbreak was effectively controlled. Conclusion The first outbreak of malaria was found in Sanya City, Hainan Province, where local malaria infection was three days later. The outbreak was controlled after comprehensive measures such as treatment of patients and media control were taken.