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目的基于空间站机械臂遥对接任务,从认知层面揭示其事故原因以及影响因素,为加强遥操作失误的预测、完善信息显示以及开展航天员训练提供参考依据。方法通过对24名志愿者进行基本认知能力测试以及机械臂遥对接模拟任务实验,研究不同空间立体信息水平下遥操作过程往复操作和事故的认知失误原因、失误概率以及各项认知能力与失误的关系。结果感知觉、记忆、空间关系理解和注意资源分配4种失误类型是诱发往复操作和事故的主要因素;局部信息和全局信息在遥操作中的作用不同,对减少认知失误效果明显;操作员的注意能力、运动控制能力、心理旋转能力和记忆能力越强,由于认知失误引发的往复操作以及事故越少。结论完善局部和全局信息的显示,针对性地提高航天员的认知能力,有利于保障在轨机械臂遥操作任务的安全、顺利完成。
Objective To reveal the cause of the accident and its influencing factors from the cognitive level based on the remote docking task of the robotic arm of the space station and to provide a reference for strengthening the prediction of teleoperation errors, improving the information display and conducting astronaut training. Methods Twenty-four volunteers were tested for basic cognitive ability and robotic arm remote docking simulation task to study the causes of cognitive failure, the probability of error and cognitive abilities of reciprocating operation and accident under different spatial three-dimensional information levels Relationship with mistakes. Results Four kinds of error types, such as sensory perception, memory, spatial relationship understanding and resource allocation, were the main factors inducing reciprocating operation and accidents. Local information and global information played different roles in teleoperation, which had obvious effects on reducing cognitive errors. Operators The attentional ability, motor control ability, mental rotation ability and memory ability are stronger, the reciprocating operation due to cognitive failure and the accident less. Conclusion Improving the display of local and global information and improving the cognitive abilities of astronauts are conducive to the safe and successful completion of the teleoperation tasks of the orbiting robotic arm.