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秦岭是横贯中国中部的东西走向山脉 ,东西长约 16 0 0公里 ,南北宽约数十公里至二、三百公里不等 ,据有甘、陕南部和豫西及鄂西北一小部分。是中国大陆两大动物区系古北界和东洋界的分界带 ,动物种属成份具有明显的过渡性、混杂性和复杂性。历史文献和考古发现证明 ,在春秋战国以前 ,秦岭曾经是两大界许多珍稀兽类和凶猛兽类的栖息繁衍的乐园。由于生态环境变化 ,主要是气候变化以及人类活动 ,使一些热带动物犀牛、象逐渐在秦岭周边地带灭绝。然而自秦汉直到清代中叶 ,由于秦岭仍保持较好的生态环境 ,许多珍稀动物如大熊猫、金丝猴、鹿以及熊、虎、野猪等仍大量生存。十八世纪中叶起 ,数十万计的移民进入秦岭腹地 ,砍伐森林 ,破坏植被 ,开垦耕地 ,使百兽丧失栖息的环境 ,再加以滥捕滥猎 ,致使秦岭众多珍稀动物和一些猛兽的分布稀疏 ,数量减少 ,以至于物种灭绝。这是中国历史时期一起严重的人为破坏生态环境的典型事例。
Qinling Mountains runs east-west through central China. The east-west length is about 160 km. The width of the Qinling Mountains ranges from tens of kilometers to two or three hundred kilometers. There are some small parts of Gan and Southern Shaanxi and western Henan and western Hubei. Is the dividing line between the ancient Beijien and Oriental circles of the two major fauna in mainland China. The animal species have obvious transitional, mixed and complex features. Historical documents and archaeological discoveries prove that before the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period, Qinling was once a paradise for the breeding and breeding of many rare mammals and ferocious beasts in two big cities. Due to ecological changes, mainly climate change and human activities, some tropical animals, rhinos, gradually disappeared around the Qinling Mountains. However, since the Qin and Han dynasties until the middle of the Qing Dynasty, many rare animals such as giant pandas, golden monkeys, deer, bears, tigers and wild boars still survived due to the fact that Qinling still maintained a good ecological environment. Since the middle of the eighteenth century, hundreds of thousands of immigrants entered the hinterland of the Qinling Mountains, deforestation, destruction of vegetation, reclamation of cultivated land, loss of habitats for all beasts, and excessive hunting and hunting, resulting in the distribution of many rare animals and some beasts in the Qinling Mountains Sparse, reduced in number, so that the species extinct. This is a typical case of a serious human-induced destruction of the ecological environment in the history of China.