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一张南半球地表地质图对于地质学家和地球物理学家研究大陆漂移和石油勘探来说是很有用的,因为它把其它大陆和南极洲的地质联系起来。最主要的特征是纵断南极洲的线型构造,它与南美洲安第斯山有关,在一定程度上也和澳大利亚东部大地构造单元有关。从出露的岩石来看,在早古生代期间,冈瓦纳古陆可能已经分裂,直到侏罗纪结束,南半球一直保持稳定。当出现广泛分布的火山岩时,发生了进一步的断裂。在早第三纪期间,重新开始漂移,它断续地延续到现在。若干岛弧和深海沟表明裂谷作用至今仍在活动。在遥远的南纬地带看来有一个明显的地壳物质由西向东的漂移,与环极洋流相对应。岸外石油远景与由大陆漂移确定的大陆边缘的年龄有关,即大陆的推移边缘具有从海岸平原层系开始,复于均衡下沉边缘之上的最成熟的盆地。从中生代开始形成的巨厚的沉积柱状剖面,包括礁相和盐丘在内。这个模式有一些例外的情况,并对各种岸外石油盆地,着重描述了出露的海岸平原地形,为寻找巨大的石油远景区提出重要的指示。
A southern hemisphere surface geological map is useful for geologists and geophysicists to study continental drift and oil exploration because it links the geology of other continents and Antarctica. The most prominent feature is the linear patterning of the Antarctic, which is related to the Andes in South America and to a certain extent also to the tectonic units in the eastern part of Australia. From the rocks exposed, during the Early Paleozoic, the Gondwana may have been split until the end of the Jurassic and the southern hemisphere has remained stable. When widespread volcanic rocks appeared, further fractures occurred. During the early Tertiary period, drifting was resumed, and it continued intermittently until now. Several island arcs and deep trenches indicate that the rifting has remained active to this day. In the far southern latitudes, there appears to be a clear shift of the crustal material from west to east, corresponding to the circular ocean currents. The off-shore petroleum prospect is related to the age of the continental margin as determined by continental drift, ie the continental margin has the most mature basins starting from the coastal plains and restating above the equitably subsidence margin. The massive sedimentary columnar sections that began in the Mesozoic, including reefs and salt domes. There are some exceptions to this model, and the various off-shore oil basins highlight the exposed coastal plain topography and provide important instructions for finding huge oil prospects.