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苏联作为朝鲜战争的非交战方,在朝鲜战俘遣返谈判过程中发挥了什么样的作用,是本文关注的焦点。文章通过对近年来俄罗斯解密的相关档案和相关研究成果分析认为,苏联在遣返朝鲜战俘问题上,不仅对中朝方面决策的制定具有指导作用,而且对中朝之间的分歧具有调解作用。遣返战俘问题被提交到联合国讨论时,苏联是中朝在联合国舞台上有力的支持者。斯大林去世以后,苏联对朝鲜战争政策的调整,很大程度上促成了遣返战俘问题的解决。由此可见,在遣返战俘问题的谈判中,苏联作为一种外部因素确实发挥了重要作用,并对朝鲜停战的实现产生了重要影响。
As the non-warring party of the Korean War, what role has the Soviet Union played in the process of the repatriation of Korean prisoners of war? It is the focus of this article. The article analyzes the relevant archives and relevant research results of Russian decryption in recent years and holds that the Soviet issue on the repatriation of Korean prisoners of war not only plays a guiding role in the formulation of the decision-making by China and the DPRK, but also mediates the differences between China and the DPRK. When the issue of the repatriation of prisoners of war was submitted to the UN for discussion, the Soviet Union is a powerful supporter of the two countries on the United Nations stage. After Stalin’s death, the Soviet adjustment of the Korean war policy largely contributed to the solution of the issue of the repatriation of prisoners of war. From this we can see that in the negotiations on the issue of repatriating prisoners of war, the Soviet Union did indeed play an important role as an external factor and has an important influence on the realization of a cease-fire in North Korea.