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在刚刚过去的2007年,国际原油价格迫近每桶100美元,进入2008年,由于煤电供应不足,全国电力缺口达6963万kW,已经有13个省级电网出现不同程度的拉闸限电。这些都使我们深刻体会到我国在经济高速增长的同时,面临着前所未有的能源危机。这种能源危机,不仅对工业生产,对农业产业同样会产生巨大影响。在目前国家整体经济形式面临通货膨胀压力的时期,稳定农产品价格至关重要,而农业生产也同样面临着生产中能源成本上升的现实问题。在这种宏观经济形式下,如何在确保农业生产者的经济利益同时,逐步实现国家提出的建设“节约型社会”的发展目标,值得大家认真思考。设施园艺作为现代农业的一个重要组成部分,与普通农业生产相比,在生产中控制能源成本显得尤其重要。美国作为全球主要的园艺生产与消费大国,早在几年前就开始着手研究有关如何控制温室种植的能源成本问题。从本期开始,我刊将陆续对近年来美国等经济发达国家的有关资料进行编译,希望籍此为我国的温室设计建造及设施园艺栽培生产提供有益的参考与借鉴。
In the past 2007, the international crude oil price approached 100 U.S. dollars per barrel. In 2008, due to insufficient supply of coal and electricity, the national power shortage reached 69.66 million kW. There have been 13 provincial power grids with varying degrees of power-off. All of these make us deeply understand that our country is facing an unprecedented energy crisis while maintaining its rapid economic growth. This kind of energy crisis will not only have a huge impact on the agricultural industry but also on industrial production. At a time when the overall economic form of the country is facing inflationary pressures, it is of crucial importance to stabilize the prices of agricultural products, and agricultural production also faces the practical problem of rising energy costs in production. Under such a macroeconomic form, it is worth everybody’s thought that how to gradually realize the development goal of building a “conservation-oriented society” proposed by the state while ensuring the economic interests of agricultural producers. Facilities Horticulture As an important part of modern agriculture, it is particularly important to control energy costs in production as compared to ordinary agricultural production. As a major horticultural producer and consumer in the world, the United States began studying the energy cost of greenhouse cultivation several years ago. From the beginning of this issue, I will compile one by one the related materials of the economically developed countries such as the United States in recent years. I hope this will provide useful reference for our country’s greenhouse design and construction and horticultural cultivation and production.