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稻田养鱼(或称稻鱼共生生态系统)在我国已有1700多年的历史,近年来这项技术迅猛发展。据1985年不完全统计,全国稻田养鱼面积达5.0×10~6ha。长期的生产实践已证明,“稻田养鱼、稻鱼双丰收”,不仅能增加农田的经济收入,又可防病治虫,改善生态环境,能立体和综合利用农业自然资源,具有一定的社会、生态和经济效益。几年来,不少水产、农业科技工作者对稻田养鱼的经济效益和管理技术进行了大量的科学试验,但对养鱼后稻田生态系统在结构和功能上的变化未有深入研究。本文对稻田养鱼与水稻生长、病虫害和土壤肥力的关系进行了初步的探讨。
Paddy fish farming (or rice-fish symbiosis ecosystem) has a history of more than 1,700 years in our country. In recent years, this technology has been developing rapidly. According to incomplete statistics in 1985, the area of fish farming in paddy fields nationwide reached 5.0 × 10 ~ 6ha. Long-term production practice has proved that “the double harvest of fish and rice fish in paddy field” can not only increase the economic income of farmland, but also prevent diseases and pests and improve the ecological environment. It can make use of agricultural natural resources in a three-dimensional and comprehensive manner and have certain social, Ecological and economic benefits. In recent years, many aquatic and agricultural science and technology workers carried out a large amount of scientific experiments on the economic benefits and management techniques of fish farming in paddy fields. However, the structural and functional changes of paddy field ecosystems after fish farming have not been thoroughly studied. In this paper, the relationship between paddy field fish culture and rice growth, pests and diseases and soil fertility were discussed.