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研究了黄土区分布较广的塿土、黑墟土、黑麻土与陕南黄泥巴的腐殖质组成,絮凝极限与光学密度。黑墟土和黑麻土的腐殖质中胡敏酸与富非酸的比最大,约2左右,塿土与黑褐土次之,约1.2—1.5,黄泥巴以富非酸为主,二者之比小于1,与土壤所分布的生物气候条件相适应。与钙结合的腐殖酸占腐殖质总量的90%以上,与二、三氧化物结合的腐殖质则很少,占10%左右,活性胡敏酸除施肥甚多的卫星田外,都分析不出来,几近于零。黑褐土与塿土中胡敏酸的光密度最大,抵抗电解质的稳定性小,而黄泥巴则反之。与苏联有关土类作了对比,黑麻土、黑墟土、塿生和黑褐土的腐殖质接近于黑钙土和粟钙土,黄泥巴的腐殖质接近于灰化土。现在的耕层,由于长时期的施肥和耕耘,腐殖质的性质较为年轻,深埋地下古土壤的腐殖质积聚层,几千年来很少受生物的影响,腐殖质趋向较复杂与老化,卫星田的分析也同样证明熟化程度不同影响土壤腐殖质在质上的差别。
The humus composition, flocculation limit and optical density of loess, black veil, black soil and yellow muddy soil in southern Shaanxi were studied. The ratio of humic acid to fumaric acid in the black-frill soil and black-marijuan soil is the largest, about 2, followed by dark brown soil, ranging from 1.2 to 1.5. The ratio of less than 1, and the distribution of biological climatic conditions to adapt. Calcium-bound humic acid accounted for more than 90% of the total amount of humus, humus combined with two, three oxide is very small, accounting for about 10%, active humic acid in addition to fertilization of many satellite fields, are not analyzed Out, almost close to zero. Dark brown soil and clay humus acid maximum optical density, resistance to electrolyte stability is small, while the yellow mud on the contrary. In contrast to the soils of the Soviet Union, the humus quality of black, turf, black and brown cinnamon is close to that of chernozem and dolomite. The humus of the yellow mud is close to that of ashed soil. The current tillage, due to long-term fertilization and cultivation, the nature of the humus is relatively young, deep underground ancient soil humus accumulation layer, rarely affected by organisms for thousands of years, humus tends to be more complex and aging, satellite field Analysis also proved that different degrees of maturity affect soil humus qualitative differences.