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玉米是对锌最敏感的作物,玉米缺锌时叶绿素减少,叶片失绿,呈花白叶型,失绿部分叶片变薄,节间缩短,叶狭株矮。严重时植株节间变短矮缩,根部变黑,叶片短而阔、簇生、叶肉增厚。由于比健株生长显著缓慢,所以群众称为僵苗。玉米发生僵苗后,苗期生长势弱,生长缓慢,生育进程延迟。僵苗的株高一般仅为正常苗的70％左右,叶片日增量减少,抽雄期、吐丝期和成熟期分别比正常苗迟8天、5天和3天。由于植株营养生长不良,营养体较小,空秆率较高,单株生产力低。一般每穗粒数减少10—18％,千粒重降低10—15％,空秆率高10—20％。发生僵苗的田块一般减产10—25％,严重田块减产30—50％,严重的植株雌穗不能正常抽出,以至颗粒无收。因此,玉米缺锌僵苗在局部地区已上升为生产上一个急待解决的问题。
Corn is the most sensitive to zinc crops, corn chlorophyll reduced zinc deficiency, leaves green, was gray-white leaves, loss of some leaves thinning, internodes shortened, narrow leaves narrow. In severe plant internodes become short and shortening, roots dark, short and broad leaves, tufted, mesophyll thickening. Due to the significantly slower growth than healthy plants, so the masses known as stiff seedlings. Post emergence of stiff seedlings of corn, the seedling growth is weak, slow growth, delayed fertility. The seedling height of stiff seedlings is only about 70% of that of normal seedlings, and the daily increment of leaves is reduced. The tasseling, silking and maturing stages are 8 days later, 5 days and 3 days later than the normal seedlings respectively. Due to poor vegetative growth of vegetative organs, smaller vegetative bodies, higher empty stalk ratio and lower plant productivity per plant. Generally reduce the number of grains per spike 10-18%, 1000 grain weight reduced 10-15%, empty straw rate of 10-20%. Field production of stiff Miao generally cut 10-25%, 30-50% reduction in serious plots, the serious plant ear can not be properly extracted, as well as crop failure. Therefore, corn-deficient Zijin seedlings have risen to some urgent problems in production in some areas.