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尿路上皮癌(urothelial carcinoma,UC)是泌尿系统最常见恶性肿瘤之一,早期诊断是提高该类疾病疗效的关键所在,荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)通过尿液来检测UC,具有快速、无创伤性、敏感度高和特异性强等优点。FISH提高了尿细胞学在低级别或浅表性膀胱UC诊断的敏感性,且减少了血尿、尿路感染及膀胱内灌注治疗等对细胞形态的影响而引起的假阳性,提高检测的特异性。对于诊断上尿路UC,FISH的敏感性与特异性更高。膀胱UC患者9号染色体p16抑癌基因丢失与复发明显相关,FISH既能预测膀胱UC的复发性,更能监测UC的复发,但仍需大样本、多中心的前瞻性研究。本文将FISH在膀胱UC、上尿路UC早期诊断以及膀胱UC术后监测等方面的临床应用研究报道进行综述。
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the urinary system. Early diagnosis is the key to improve the curative effect of these diseases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) , With rapid, non-invasive, high sensitivity and specificity and so on. FISH improves the sensitivity of urinary cytology in the diagnosis of low-grade or superficial bladder UC and reduces the false-positives caused by the effects of hematuria, urinary tract infections and intravesical instillation therapy on cell morphology and improves the specificity of the assay . For the diagnosis of upper urinary tract UC, FISH is more sensitive and specific. Bladder UC patients with chromosome 9 p16 suppressor gene loss and relapse was significantly related to FISH can both predict the recurrence of bladder UC, UC can better monitor the recurrence, but still large sample, multi-center prospective study. This article will FISH in the bladder UC, early diagnosis of upper urinary tract UC and bladder UC postoperative monitoring and other aspects of the clinical application of research reports are reviewed.