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目的:检索、评价和整合国内外关于儿童放化疗相关口腔黏膜炎预防的相关证据，并对最佳证据进行总结，为医务人员提供临床实践准则。方法:系统检索BMJ最佳临床实践、UpToDate、JBI循证卫生保健中心数据库、美国指南网、加拿大安大略注册护士协会、苏格兰学院间指南网、英国国家医疗保健优化研究所、国际实践指南注册平台（中文）、国际癌症支持护理协会、国际口腔肿瘤协会、欧洲肿瘤协会、美国临床肿瘤协会、Cochrane Library、BMJ Journals、PubMed、Embase、CNKI、万方、中国生物医学数据库检索关于儿童放化疗相关口腔黏膜炎预防的证据，包括临床实践指南、专家共识、最佳实践、系统评价及证据总结，检索时限为建库至2019年11月1日。检索的指南由4名指南评价员独立完成评价，其余文献由2名接受过循证培训的研究者独立完成对纳入文献的质量评价，并结合专业人士的判断，对符合质量标准的文献进行证据提取和证据总结。结果:共纳入8篇文献，包括BMJ最佳实践1篇，JBI证据总结5篇，指南1篇，系统综述1篇。最佳证据包括基础口腔护理、护理评估、饮食预防、物理疗法、药物预防、真菌感染预防、多学科团队管理7个方面共16条证据。结论:本研究总结了儿童放化疗相关口腔黏膜炎预防的最佳证据，为医务人员提供临床实践准则。医疗机构应基于循证证据转化的观点建立儿童放化疗相关口腔黏膜炎的预防措施，建立标准化、规范化的多学科协作及护理流程，改善患者健康结局。“,”Objective:To retrieve, evaluate and integrate domestic and foreign relevant evidence on the prevention of oral mucositis related to chemoradiotherapy in children, and summarize the best evidence, so as to provide clinical practice guidelines for medical staff.Methods:We systematically searched the evidence on the prevention of oral mucositis related to chemoradiotherapy in children in British Medical Journal (BMJ) Best Practice, UpToDate, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Evidence-based Health Care Center Database, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, United Kingdom National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, International Practice Guideline Registry Platform (Chinese) , Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, International Society of Oral Oncology, European Society for Medical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology, Cochrane Library, BMJ Journals, PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) , WanFang Data and China Biology Medicine Database. The evidence included clinical practice guidelines, expert consensus, best practices, systematic reviews and evidence summaries, and the search time limit was to build the database until November 1, 2019. The searched guidelines were independently evaluated by four guideline reviewers, and the rest of literature was independently evaluated by two researchers who received evidence-based training to evaluate the quality of the included literature, combined with the judgment of professionals. Evidence extraction and evidence summary were carried out on literature that met the quality standards.Results:A total of 8 articles were included, including 1 BMJ best practice, 5 JBI evidence summaries, 1 guideline, and 1 systematic review. The best evidence included 16 pieces of evidence in 7 areas of basic oral care, nursing evaluation, diet prevention, physical therapy, drug prevention, fungal infection prevention, and multidisciplinary team management.Conclusions:This study summarizes the best evidence for the prevention of oral mucositis related to chemoradiotherapy in children, and provides clinical practice guidelines for medical staff. Medical institutions should establish preventive measures for children's oral mucositis related to chemoradiotherapy based on the transformation of evidence-based evidence, and establish standardized multidisciplinary collaboration and nursing procedures to improve patient health outcomes.