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目的:了解江西省农村儿童体格发育水平及营养不良的患病率。方法:通过整群抽样调查江西省农村9238例儿童,所有儿童均由统一培训人员测量身高、体重,以WHO/NCHS标准为参数评价儿童体格发育水平,计算年龄别身高Z值(HAZ)、年龄别体重Z值(WAZ)和身高别体重Z值(WHZ)。分别计算儿童生长迟缓、低体重、消瘦的患病率。结果:我省农村儿童体格发育水平6月以内可达甚至超过WHO标准,6月龄后开始滞后。6月龄内儿童Z值主要分布在0～1和-1～0两个区间;6月龄后逐渐向左移,Z值主要分布于-1～0和-1～-2两个区间。儿童HAZ和WAZ主要分布在-1～0和-1～-2两个区间;而WHZ则以0～1和-1～0两个区间为主。生长迟缓、低体重和消瘦的患病率分别是13.2%、13.0%和2.9%,出生后6月内营养不良检出率最低,以后随年龄增长检出率逐渐增加,生长迟缓率在18～24月龄时达高峰。结论:我省农村儿童体格发育水平与WHO标准仍有一定差距,提示应进一步提高农村卫生水平和加强健康教育,有效改善农村儿童营养状况。
Objective: To understand the physical development of children in rural Jiangxi Province and the prevalence of malnutrition. Methods: A total of 9,238 children in rural Jiangxi Province were investigated by cluster sampling. All children were surveyed by uniform trainers for height and weight. The WHO / NCHS criteria were used to evaluate children’s physical development. The age-specific Z-scores (HAZ), age No weight Z value (WAZ) and height weight Z value (WHZ). Children were calculated growth retardation, weight loss, weight loss prevalence. Results: The physical development level of rural children in our province reached or even exceeded the WHO standard in June and lagged after 6 months of age. The Z value of children within 6 months of age mainly distributed in two intervals of 0 ~ 1 and -1 ~ 0; after 6 months of age, they gradually shifted to the left and Z values were mainly distributed in two intervals of -1 ~ 0 and -1 ~ -2. The distribution of HAZ and WAZ in children is mainly between -1 ~ 0 and -1 ~ -2, while WHZ is mainly between 0 ~ 1 and -1 ~ 0. The prevalence of stunting, weight loss and weight loss were 13.2%, 13.0% and 2.9%, respectively. The detection rate of malnutrition was the lowest within 6 months after birth, and the detection rate gradually increased with age afterwards. The growth retardation rate was 18 ~ The peak of 24 months of age. Conclusion: The physical development level of children in rural areas in our province still lags behind the WHO standards, suggesting that rural health should be further improved and health education should be strengthened so as to effectively improve the nutritional status of rural children.