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公共利益最易被侵害“公地悲剧”是经济学界熟知的一个现象,也是一个广泛存在的现实。在外国,有人做过一个有趣的实验,取一块草地,草地被划分成几块分给牧羊人,但在中间留下了一块作为公共用地,每一个牧羊人都可以自由使用。结果,社会学者们发现,一年下来,被划分给个人的草地被有计划和节制使用,而作为公共用地的草地却因为过度放牧而寸草不生。试验得出的结论是:由
The public interest is the most easily infringed “tragedy of the commons ” is a well-known phenomenon in economics, but also a widespread reality. In foreign countries, someone had an interesting experiment, taking a piece of grass and dividing the grass into several pieces for the shepherds, but left a piece of land as a communal land for free use by every shepherd. As a result, sociologists found that year after year grasslands that were allocated to individuals were systematically and temperately used, while grasslands used as communal land were not overgrazed due to overgrazing. The test concluded that: from