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一、前言氨氧化法制硝酸的工业装置自1968年投产以来一直沿用铂催化剂。它的优点是活性高,寿命长,操作方便,可再生和回收。但铂资源少,价格昂贵。随着硝酸和其他工业的发展,铂的需要量日益增多。为了解决这个矛盾,早在本世纪初国外就开始非铂催化剂的研究。近十余年来,对非铂催化剂的研究工作,不少国家仍在进行,但多数未超出钴系和铁系的范围,而且基本上是研究试验多,工业化少。虽然国外某些公司曾宣称研制成功新的非铂催化剂,经工业炉试验,可使生产成本下降10％以上,但均未见正式推广使用的报导。
I. Introduction Ammonia oxidation nitric acid industrial plant has been in use since 1968 platinum catalyst. Its advantages are high activity, long life, easy operation, renewable and recyclable. However, less platinum resources, the price is expensive. With the development of nitric acid and other industries, the demand for platinum is increasing. In order to solve this contradiction, as early as the beginning of this century, non-platinum catalyst research began abroad. In the recent ten years or more, research on non-platinum catalysts has been carried out in many countries. However, most of them have not gone beyond the scope of cobalt and iron systems, and they basically have more research and less industrialization. Although some foreign companies have claimed that the successful development of new non-platinum catalyst, the industrial furnace test, the production costs can be reduced by 10% or more, but did not see the official promotion of the use of the report.