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20世纪70年代的生产过剩和利润率萎缩迫使以美国为首的垄断资本主义国家纷纷调整经济政策。里根政府推行的新自由主义改革方案在促进利润增长和资本积累的同时,导致美国国内经济失衡不断恶化,全球经济失衡就是这种内部经济失衡的外在反映。储蓄率下降,经济金融化、去工业化以及全球产业分工结构的演化都可以从新自由主义改革实践中找到“病灶”所在。目前中国经济也出现了严重的产能过剩、劳动过剩以及资本过剩,解决这些问题不能简单复制英美当年的改革方案,因为它只能让盈余得到“暂时性的吸收”。从长远来看中国经济不仅难以避免和化解产业空心化、经济泡沫化和收入分配两极分化的风险,而且会引发新的全球经济失衡。
The shrinking overproduction and profit margins in the 1970s forced the monopoly capitalist countries headed by the United States to adjust their economic policies one after another. The Reagan administration’s neoliberal reform program, while promoting profit growth and capital accumulation, has led to the deteriorating domestic economic imbalances in the United States. The global economic imbalance is an external reflection of this imbalance in the internal economy. The decline of saving rate, economic and financialization, de-industrialization and the evolution of global industrial division of labor can all be found in the neoliberal reform practice. At present, there are also serious overcapacity, excess labor and excess capital in the Chinese economy. To solve these problems, we can not simply copy the current reform plan of the Anglo-American countries because it only allows the surplus to be “temporarily absorbed”. In the long run, the Chinese economy will not only be hard-pressed to avoid and defuse the risks of industrial hollow-out, economic bubble and polarization of income distribution, but will also trigger a new global economic imbalance.