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本文总结了“六五”～“八五”（１９８１～１９９５）北部冬麦区小麦产量育种的生理研究。首先从回顾前人研究中肯定了生理学在小麦品种改良中的作用和重要性。继而从①高产品种的合理冠层结构；②调控穗粒数、粒重的途径及机理；③籽粒灌浆特性对选育高粒重品种的意义；④小麦衰老类型的生理基础及其在选种上的意义等方面进行了系统的总结，并结合高产生理研究的进展进行了讨论。在此基础上，对北部麦区的小麦产量育种提出了五点建议：①亩产４５０ｋｇ品种形态和生理的冠层性状指标。②小麦植株发育早期，冠层应尽快覆盖地面；开花期冠层叶片的空间分布应合理；开花到成熟应保持长的叶面积持续时间（ＬＡＤ）。③通过调节发育物候期持续时间的相对长度以满足培育高产品种粒多、粒重的要求。④选育北部冬麦区高产品种时，千粒重比每平方米粒数，灌浆速率比灌浆持续期更重要。⑤选择冠层上部叶片衰老与穗子成熟同步的正常衰老类型的品种，对粒重和稳产最为有利。本研究为今后我国高产和超高产育种所面临的复杂问题，提供了从生理方面研究解决的途径。
This article summarizes the physiological studies on wheat yield breeding in winter wheat growing areas in the north of “65” ~ “85” (1981 ~ 1995). First of all, from the review of previous studies, we confirmed the role and importance of physiology in the improvement of wheat varieties. Followed by a reasonable canopy structure of high-yielding varieties; (2) ways and mechanisms of regulation of grain number and grain weight; (3) significance of grain-filling characteristics on breeding high-grain-weight varieties; (4) physiological basis of wheat senescence and its application in selection On the significance of aspects such as a systematic summary, combined with the progress of high yielding physiological studies were discussed. Based on this, five suggestions were put forward for wheat yield breeding in the northern wheat area: ① The morphological and physiological canopy traits of 450 kg per mu. ② In the early stage of wheat plant, the canopy should cover the ground as soon as possible. The spatial distribution of the canopy leaf should be reasonable at the flowering stage. The leaf area duration (LAD) should be kept from flowering to maturity. ③ By adjusting the relative length of developmental phenology duration to meet the requirements of cultivating high product grain size and grain weight. ④ Breeding winter wheat high yield varieties in the north, grain weight per square meter than grain, filling rate is more important than the duration of filling. ⑤ Selection of the normal aging type of the upper canopy leaf senescence and maturity synchronization varieties, the most beneficial to grain weight and stable yield. This study provides a solution to the complex problems confronting high-yield and ultra-high-yielding breeding in China in the future.