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基质金属蛋白酶是一类可降解细胞外基质的蛋白酶,基质金属蛋白酶-2和-9为明胶酶,可降解细胞外基质中的胶原蛋白及弹性蛋白,其动态平衡对维持细胞外基质的稳定具有重要意义。主动脉的细胞外基质是主动脉中层重要的组成部分,细胞外基质成分的改变可导致主动脉中层结构的损伤,在主动脉疾病的发生、发展过程中起着重要作用。主动脉基质金属蛋白酶-2和-9的表达失衡可引起主动脉中层细胞外基质的降解,导致主动脉中层结构的损伤,从而促进主动脉疾病的发生。同时,主动脉疾病也可导致血浆中MMP-2、MMP-9浓度的升高。本文对近年来基质金属蛋白酶与主动脉疾病相关性的研究及进展作一综述,为心血管疾病发生机制的研究和治疗提供文献依据。
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix. MMPs-2 and -9 are gelatinases that degrade collagen and elastin in the extracellular matrix. Their homeostasis is critical for maintaining the stability of the extracellular matrix Significance. The extracellular matrix of the aorta is an important part of the aortic middle layer. The changes of extracellular matrix components can lead to the damage of the aortic middle structure. It plays an important role in the occurrence and development of aortic diseases. Unbalanced expression of aortic matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 can lead to the degradation of the extracellular matrix in the aorta, resulting in damage to the aortic middle-level structure and thereby contributing to the development of aortic disease. At the same time, aortic disease can also lead to elevated plasma MMP-2, MMP-9 levels. This review summarizes the recent progress in the studies on the relationship between matrix metalloproteinases and aortic diseases, and provides references for the study and treatment of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.