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目的了解深圳市某电子企业职业卫生现状及职业危害程度,为预防职业病的发生制定职业病防治措施提供科学依据。方法查阅该企业2011—2015年职业卫生档案资料,对作业场所职业病危害因素检测结果和接触职业病危害因素人员健康检查结果进行分析。结果该电子企业的主要职业危害因素是苯、甲苯、二甲苯、三氯乙烯、铅烟、噪声等。危害因素监测结果噪声强度合格率低,除2014年的合格率为23.1%外,其余年份的合格率均为零;苯、二甲苯、铅烟浓度合格率均达100%,2012年,甲苯的合格率为75%,其余年份合格率均达100%;2011年,4个点三氯乙烯浓度均超过职业卫生限值。岗前、在岗职业健康检查人数呈逐年上升趋势,离岗检查人数较少,5年共7人。职业健康检查共查出职业禁忌证49人,1例急性三氯乙烯中毒病例,未发现疑似职业病病例。结论该企业的噪声合格率较低,在噪声的防护上应加强技术改造,改善工人的作业环境,注意个人防护,保护工人身体健康。用低毒清洗剂替代三氯乙烯清洗剂,效果明显,是预防三氯乙烯中毒有效方法。
Objective To understand the status of occupational health and the degree of occupational hazards in an electronic enterprise in Shenzhen and provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling occupational diseases. Methods The data of the occupational health records of the enterprise from 2011 to 2015 were consulted, and the results of occupational disease hazard testing at workplaces and the health check-up of personnel exposed to occupational hazards were analyzed. Results The major occupational hazards of the electronics company are benzene, toluene, xylene, trichlorethylene, lead smoke, noise and so on. The qualified rate of noise intensity of the monitoring results of the hazardous factors is low, except the passing rate of 23.1% in 2014, the passing rates of other years are all zero; the qualified rate of benzene, xylene and lead smoke reaches 100% Pass rate of 75%, the remaining years pass rate reached 100%; 2011, 4 points trichlorethylene concentrations exceed the occupational health limits. Before the job, the number of occupational health examinations on the job increased year by year, and the number of job examinations was relatively small, with a total of 7 people in 5 years. Occupational health examination found a total of 49 occupational contraindications, 1 case of acute trichlorethylene poisoning, no cases of suspected occupational diseases. Conclusion The noise passing rate of this enterprise is relatively low. In terms of noise protection, technological transformation should be strengthened to improve workers’ working environment, pay attention to personal protection and protect the health of workers. Use low toxicity detergent instead of trichlorethylene cleaning agent, the effect is obvious, is an effective method to prevent trichlorethylene poisoning.