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目前,全社会大力推行节水灌溉的措施,渠道作为节水灌溉的重要组成部分,但渠道的防渗效果较差渗漏严重。根据调查发现,渠道渗漏的水量占渠系损失水量的绝大部分,一般的情况下占渠首引水水量的30%左右,在比较大的、灌溉设备较差的灌区和渠系防渗较差的地区可高达50%以上。渠系的水量损失不仅降低了渠系的水利用系数,减少了灌溉的面积,浪费了宝贵的水资源,而且有些地方会引起地下水位的上升,导致土地渍害。为了减少渠道的水量的损失,提高渠系的水利用系数,一方面要加强渠系工程配套和维护,实行科学的调配,不断的提高渠系的管理水平。另一方面要采取防渗措施,减少渠道的渗漏水量。结合工作经验,对常用的各种防渗处理方式、方法进行总结整理,并结合水利渠道工程的现状提出当前适用性较高的防渗方法。
At present, the whole society vigorously promote water-saving irrigation measures and channels as an important part of water-saving irrigation, but the seepage prevention effect of the channel shows serious leakage. According to the survey, it is found that the amount of water seeped through the channel accounts for the vast majority of the water loss in the canal system, which accounts for about 30% of the total amount of diversion water in the canal. In the relatively large irrigated areas and seepage control systems with poor irrigation equipment Poor areas can be as high as 50% or more. Water loss in canal systems not only reduces the water use coefficient of the canal system, reduces the area for irrigation, wastes precious water resources, and in some places causes the rise of groundwater level, which leads to soil contamination. In order to reduce the loss of water in the channel and improve the coefficient of water utilization of the canal system, on one hand, it is necessary to strengthen the support and maintenance of the canal system project, implement scientific deployment and continuously improve the management level of the canal system. On the other hand, anti-seepage measures should be taken to reduce the leakage of water in the channel. Combined with working experience, the commonly used various anti-seepage treatment methods and methods are summarized and summarized, and combined with the status quo of water conservancy project, a current applicable anti-seepage method is put forward.