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俄国现实主义文艺形成于19世纪三四十年代,五六十年代逐渐走向成熟,七八十年代是其鼎盛阶段。它延续时间之长,为欧洲之最。俄国现实主义文艺批判的锋芒针对俄国的封建农奴制,也涉及俄国正在发展的资本主义,它表现的社会生活比较广阔,多方面地展示了俄国的社会状况,对现实矛盾的揭露具有相当的深度。19世纪60年代,曾被人们称作俄罗斯民族文艺的“曙光期”。从文学、音乐、戏剧到美术,形成了俄国19世纪后期强大的批判现实主义思潮。而绘画中批判现实主义奠基
Russian realistic literature and art was formed in the thirties and forties of the 19th century, and gradually became mature in the fifties and sixties. The seventies and eighties were its heyday. It continues for a long time, the highest in Europe. In the light of the feudal serfdom in Russia and the developing capitalism in Russia, it shows a rather broad social life and shows the social conditions of Russia in many aspects and has a considerable depth of exposure to the reality of contradictions . In the 1860s, it was once known as the “dawn period” of Russian national literature and art. From literature, music, theater to art, Russia formed a strong critical realist ideology in the late 19th century. The foundation of criticism of realism in the painting