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石油炼厂在不同的温度等级上消耗着数量可观的能源。因而,炼厂开展节能工作十分必要。任何工业部门部可以通过对其工艺过程进行仔细的能量分析而制定一个节约能源计划。但是,只是根据热力学第一定律进行能量分析是不够的.因为它没有考虑能量转换的局限性。基于热力学第二定律的可利用能源或(能源)可利用性分析,把能量转换的局限性考虑了进去。所以,可利用能源分析的结果以及由此而得出的结论,对于制定节约能源计划是十分可靠的。一、分析方法在一个流量稳定的系统中,任意状态1的可利用能源或能源可利用性(用 Av 表示)与
Oil refineries consume considerable amounts of energy at different temperature levels. Therefore, it is necessary for the refinery to carry out energy-saving work. Any industry department can develop an energy saving plan by careful energy analysis of its process. However, it is not enough to perform energy analysis based only on the first law of thermodynamics because it does not consider the limitations of energy conversion. The analysis of available energy or (energy) availability based on the second law of thermodynamics takes into account the limitations of energy conversion. Therefore, the results of energy analysis and the conclusions that can be drawn from it can be very reliable for formulating energy conservation plans. I. Analytical methods In a flow-stable system, the availability of any available energy or energy availability (indicated by Av) and