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关节软骨缺损是常见的一种关节损伤，但由于软骨组织的特殊性，修复能力受到限制，常常进展为较为严重的骨关节炎，给许多患者带来极大的痛苦和经济负担。软骨组织工程的发展为这些患者带来福音的同时，也面临着极大的挑战。间质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells，MSCs）因其自体来源、易扩增、具有软骨分化潜能的特点而受到广泛重视，常常被作为软骨组织工程的种子细胞。在常用的间充质细胞移植分化关节软骨的治疗策略中，体外的预培养与分化显示出较好的治疗效果，即从自体收集得到的间质干细胞经浓缩后在体外先进行培养和诱导分化，得到一定数量的分化软骨细胞后，再将细胞与培养基质一起共同移植到患者体内。但是，目前利用间质干细胞获得的组织工程软骨还不能完全满足临床治疗的要求。而且由于疾病类型、程度和个体化差异，间质干细胞源性的组织工程软骨移植治疗的可优化因素多样；针对同一类型疾病的治疗，优化体系仍无统一公认的标准。为了获得能更好适应人体及临床要求的关节软骨组织，所以主要针对间质干细胞在骨科疾病治疗的可优化因素研究现状进行归纳、总结及分析，从环境因素、支架选择和种子细胞三个方面总结间质干细胞在体外进行软骨诱导的可优化因素，为利用间质干细胞获得更优良的组织工程软骨以及建立更好的优化体系提供了研究思路。“,”Articular cartilage defect is a common joint damage, however, due to the particularity of cartilage tissue, its repair ability is limited. Thus, articular cartilage damage often changes to more severe osteoarthritis which brings huge pain and economic burden to patients. The development of cartilage tissue engineering brings good news to these patients, but also faces great challenges. Because of the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) including autologous source, amplification and cartilage differentiation potential, MSCs are often used as the seed cells of cartilage tissue engineering and got widely attention. In the commonly used treatment strategy of articular cartilage differentiated from mesenchymal cells, in vitro pre culture and differentiation showed good therapeutic effects.The mesenchymal stem cells collected from the patient were concentrated, cultured and induced differentiation in vitro, a certain number of differentiated chondrocytes were obtained, and then the cells and culture matrix were transplanted to the patient together. However, the tissue engineering cartilage obtained from mesenchymal stem cells cannot fully meet the requirements of clinical treatment. Moreover, due to the differences of disease type, degree and individuality, there are various optimized factors for the treatment of MSCs derived tissue-engineered cartilage transplantation. For the same type of disease treatment, the optimization system still has no unified recognized standard. In order to obtain better adapt to the human body and meet the clinical requirements of articular cartilage, this review focus onoptimized factors of MSCs in the treatment of orthopedic diseases, summarize and analysis the research status, and discuss the induced factorsfrom three aspects: environmental factors, scaffold selection and seed cells.It provides an idea for using mesenchymal stem cells to obtain better tissue-engineered cartilage and to establish a better optimization system.