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为探明秸秆还田后土壤养分及土壤微生物数量的变化情况,通过田间试验,研究了秸秆还田对小麦-玉米轮作体系中土壤养分及土壤微生物数量的影响。结果表明:秸秆还田可以增加土壤有机质含量,提高土壤养分库容,增加土壤中细菌、真菌及放线菌数量。50%秸秆还田、100%秸秆还田、150%秸秆还田条件下,土壤有机质增幅为0.02~0.04个百分点,土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾分别增加6.64~9.00、3.37~4.07、10.33~19.00 mg/kg。不同秸秆还田量增加土壤微生物丰富度,细菌、真菌、放线菌增幅分别为2.2×10~8个/g~3.1×10~8个/g、0.5×10~6个/g~3.5×10~6个/g、1.3×10~7个/g~1.9×10~7个/g。但过量秸秆还田不利于农田生产力。
In order to find out the changes of soil nutrients and soil microorganisms after returning straw to soil, the effects of straw returning to soil nutrient and soil microbial quantity in wheat-corn rotation system were studied through field experiments. The results showed that straw returning could increase soil organic matter content, increase soil nutrient storage and increase the amount of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the soil. Soil organic matter content increased by 0.02% ~ 0.04% under the conditions of 50% straw returning, 100% straw returning and 150% straw returning. Soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 6.64-9.00 and 3.37 ~ 4.07, 10.33 ~ 19.00 mg / kg. The amount of soil straw returning increased the soil microbial richness, the growth rates of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were 2.2 × 10-8 / g ~ 3.1 × 10 ~ 8 / g, 0.5 × 10 ~ 6 / g ~ 3.5 × 10 ~ 6 个 / g, 1.3 × 10 ~ 7 个 / g ~ 1.9 × 10 ~ 7 个 / g. However, excessive straw return to farmland is not conducive to productivity.